quarta-feira, 30 de abril de 2008

Sem proteínas, seu corpo vai à falência



Esse nutriente é indispensável à sua dieta, saiba onde encontrá-lo

Elas estão presentes em três grupos da pirâmide alimentar: leite e derivados; carnes e ovos; leguminosas. Somando tudo isso, devem reunir de 15 a 20% das calorias totais do cardápio diário. Só por aí, já dá para notar a importância que as proteínas têm na alimentação. A responsável pela equipe nutricional do Minha Vida, Roberta Stella, ressalta o papel desse nutriente.
As proteínas obtidas através dos alimentos desempenham diversas funções no organismo. Elas estão envolvidas na reparação do tecido corporal, na formação de enzimas, hormônios, anticorpos, no transporte de triglicérides, colesterol e vitaminas pelo corpo , lista. Isso tudo sem falar da energia que elas oferecem para mantermos o esqueleto em pé. A cada grama de proteína, você pode contar com a energia de 4 calorias a mesma quantidade fornecida pelos carboidratos.
Ou seja, cortando esse nutriente do cardápio, você vai causar um rebuliço no seu organismo. As proteínas participam de processos metabólicos importantes. Sem elas, as funções dos aminoácidos podem ficar comprometidas , alerta Roberta.

Por dentro das proteínas
A especialista explica que as proteínas são estruturas químicas que contêm carbono, hidrogênio, oxigênio e nitrogênio em sua composição. A mistura de tantos ingredientes garante o sucesso das atividades que elas desempenham no nosso corpo. Colágeno e queratina, responsáveis pela composição dos cabelos e das unhas, são exemplos de proteínas naturalmente presentes na nossa constituição física.

Já o time obtido pela alimentação é sintetizado de várias formas. Os vegetais produzem o nutriente a partir do nitrogênio encontrado em substâncias presentes no solo. As leguminosas extraem o gás do ar atmosférico, contando coma ajuda de bactérias presentes em suas raízes para que ele seja metabolizado. Os animais, por sua vez, obtêm as estruturas necessárias para formação das proteínas a partir de outros alimentos (tanto os de origem animal, quanto dos de origem vegetal).

O que são aminoácidos?Quando ingeridas, as proteínas são quebradas em pequenas estruturas, que levam o nome de aminoácidos , esclarece a especialista do Minha Vida. Juntos no organismo, os aminoácidos formam outras proteínas, que farão parte das enzimas, dos hormônios, das hemoglobinas, das vitaminas, dos transportadores e de muitas outras substâncias.

Essenciais para a produção de novas proteínas, os aminoácidos se dividem em três tipos: indispensáveis, dispensáveis e condicionalmente indispensáveis.

Na lista dos indispensáveis, encontram-se treonina, triptofano, histidina, lisina, leucina, isoleucina, metionina,
valina, fenilalanina. Todos eles já são produzidos pelo organismo, porém, em quantidade insuficiente. Para suprir essa necessidade, eles precisam ser obtidos pela alimentação.


Já os dispensáveis são aqueles que somente o organismo se encarrega de produzir. Entre eles estão alanina, ácido aspártico, asparagina, ácido glutâmico e serina.

O time composto pela arginina, cisteína, glutamina, glicina, prolina e tirosina compõem os aminoácidos condicionalmente indispensáveis. Isso significa que, quando a síntese feita pelo organismo não é suficiente, eles precisam ser obtidos através dos alimentos, diariamente.
Confira, a seguir, o desempenho de cada aminoácido no organismo. Todos eles estão presentes em alimentos ricos em proteínas, como carnes, leite, abacate, abóbora, feijão e soja:
Triptofano: participante da produção da vitamina niacina e do neurotransmissor serotonina, responsável pela sensação de bem-estar.
Metionina: um dos responsáveis pela fabricação de compostos como colina e carnitina, esse aminoácido ajuda na formação de tecidos do corpo.

Fenilalanina: dá origem à tirosina e, juntas, produzem a tiroxina e a epinefrina. A tirosina está envolvida na formação do pigmento da pele e dos cabelos.

Arginina e citrulina: fazem parte da formação da uréia no fígado.

Glicina: se alia a substâncias tóxicas transformando-as em substâncias não-prejudiciais à saúde e que, depois da união, são excretadas pelo organismo

Histidina: aminoácido formador da histamina, que causa a dilatação dos vasos sangüíneos.

Glutamina: o aminoácido mais abundante no plasma e nos músculos.

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